Collector library
Know who made the bar in your hand.
Short answer: Each refiner profile explains who the refiner is, what its bars are known for and how to read its markings.
Australia
Belgium
Canada
Germany
- C.HafnerSpecializes in refining secondary (recycled) gold from old jewelry and scrap into fine .9999 bars — one of only six German refiners with LBMA Good Delivery status
- DegussaLBMA accredited since 1930 — manufactured gold bars for over 150 years before Umicore acquired its precious metals unit in 2003 and retired the Degussa-branded bar in 2005
- Heimerle + MeuleGermany's oldest active gold and silver refinery — now one of Europe's largest precious metals processors after absorbing the former Cookson Precious Metals Group in 2013
- HeraeusKinebar holographic security stripe, large-scale industrial and investment refining side by side
Japan
- Ishifuku Metal IndustryAccredited in the London Silver Market as early as 1934 and the London Gold Market in 1982 — one of Japan's most established precious metals refiners, also accredited by the platinum and palladium markets
- Tanaka KikinzokuJapan's largest gold and platinum-group-metals refiner, and the first Japanese company accredited as an LBMA Good Delivery refiner (1978) and later as a full LBMA ordinary member (2012)
South Africa
Switzerland
- Argor-HeraeusOne of only five LBMA Good Delivery Referees worldwide — refiners responsible for monitoring the quality standards of other gold refiners
- Credit SuisseOne of the most recognized branded gold bar names in the retail market, despite never being a refiner itself — every Credit Suisse bar is actually manufactured by Valcambi
- MetalorThe first Swiss refinery ever included on the London Good Delivery List (1934); also one of only five LBMA Good Delivery Referees worldwide
- PAMP SuisseVeriscan anti-counterfeit scanning, Fortuna design bars
- ValcambiCombiBar (a scored, breakable multi-gram bar), one of the largest LBMA-accredited refiners by volume
Turkey
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
- EngelhardDiscontinued decades ago — vintage Engelhard bars are actively collected and often carry a premium over melt value
- Ohio Precious MetalsOnce the largest Good Delivery refinery in the US (LBMA-listed from 2013) — now a cautionary tale like Republic Metals, discontinued after its parent company's criminal conviction
- Republic Metals CorporationOnce one of the largest US gold and silver refiners, supplying clients including Tiffany & Co., Apple, and General Motors before its 2018 collapse — now a discontinued brand like Johnson Matthey or Engelhard
- Scottsdale MintUS-based private refiner (Arizona) known for its 'Gold Stacker' branded bars and large-scale silver reclamation and refining work
- Sunshine MintingHidden 'Mint Mark SI' anti-counterfeit security feature visible only under UV light
United States / Canada
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